專訪歐洲最大碼頭運營商總裁：不排斥與中國船公司開展股權合作 ｜ 港口圈

中國港口與歐洲港口有哪些不同？航運聯盟的變化重組會對歐洲港口的運營產生哪些影響？hello大家好，我是甲魚，今天我要去采訪 EUROGATE 集團的 CEO Michael Blach。EUROGATE 是一家老牌的歐洲碼頭運營商，旗下有德國漢堡（港）、不萊梅哈芬（港）、威廉港三大核心樞紐，在全球一共運營著 12 座集裝箱碼頭。那話不多說，讓我們帶著這些問題，一起去看看 Michael 是怎么回答的吧。

Q1：您如何看待歐洲港口在全球航運聯盟重組中的話語權變化？EUROGATE是否會考慮進一步加強與航運公司的資源綁定，例如在資本或運營層面展開更深層次合作？

So what we have seen over the past years is that the alliances of the big shipping lines, they change from time to time. For example, in 2017 and 2018, there was a major reshuffle of alliances which led to us, for example, losing 25% of our business at our terminal in Hamburg, whereas we were gaining at other terminals because we have very good connections with basically all carriers. We managed to replace the 25% of business that we lost in Hamburg and we gained on top of that 22%. So I guess what you have to do is you have to stay on your toes and you have to be very well connected to basically all the carriers and as the alliances change you have to be sure that you're very light on your feet to be able to really move with these changes and also use these changes to your advantage.

我們在過去幾年看到的是，大型航運公司的聯盟總是在變化。例如在 2017 年和 2018 年，聯盟發生了重大改組，這導致了我們漢堡的碼頭丟了 25% 的生意。不過我們在其他碼頭有所增長，因為我們與基本上所有的船公司都保持著良好的聯系。我們成功彌補了在漢堡損失的 25% 業務，并且在此基礎上還額外增長了 22%。所以我猜你要做什么（面對聯盟重組），你必須保持警覺，與盡可能多的船公司保持良好的接觸。隨著聯盟的變化，你必須保持敏銳，隨變化而動，并利用這些變化。

To your second question in terms of capital participation at our terminals, the EUROGATE group consists today of 12 terminals. Most of those terminals we are actually operating and managing with partners from the carriers, so we are neutral as a group, but on the individual terminal level, we are operating with many carriers also on a shareholder basis.

你的第二個問題，關于我們碼頭資本參與方面，歐門集團今天由 12 個港口樞紐組成。這些港口中的大多數，我們實際上都是與船公司伙伴一起運營管理的。所以集團層面來說我們是中立的，但在單個碼頭層面，我們與許多船公司合作，在股權層面也有合作。

Q2：EUROGATE2026年的計劃吞吐量是多少？主要增長驅動來自哪些航線？

We are planning to grow double digit as well in 2026, and for the first quarter, we are also already in double digit growth, and we have just recently opened a new terminal in Damietta in Egypt, and obviously for this new terminal, we are planning very significant growth as well.

我們 2026 年也計劃實現增長兩位數，這在第一季度我們已經實現了。我們最近剛在埃及的達米埃塔開設了一個新碼頭，我們也計劃在那里實現顯著增長。

Q3：多式聯運一直是EUROGATE的重要業務方向之一，能否介紹一下目前在漢堡、不來梅哈芬等核心港口海鐵聯運的大致占比情況？EUROGATE在模式、效率或服務方面有哪些優勢？

Germany is blessed with a very, very advanced rail network, and as a matter of fact in Hamburg where we typically have about 50% of the cargo coming in being moved by rail or 50% plus. At the ports at the coast, for example Bremerhaven and Wilhelmshaven, and for the local business that we do have, it is also typical that about 50% of the local business will go by rail. We have capital participation on numerous of our terminals, not all of them, but numerous of them.

德國很幸運擁有（先進的鐵路網），事實上在漢堡，通常約有 50% 的進港貨物是通過鐵路轉運的，或者百分之五十以上。至于沿海港口，例如不萊梅港和威廉港。對于我們現有的當地業務，通常約 50% 也會通過鐵路運輸。我們很多碼頭都有其他資本參與，雖然不是全部，但可以說大部分。

Q4：目前，EUROGATE已經與MSC、Maersk等國際運營商開展了合資碼頭合作。未來會考慮引入中國港口運營商嗎？在您看來，這類合作的機遇與挑戰分別在哪里？

To have a cooperation with a Chinese-based carrier in the future could very potentially be something that could work out if that were to be of interest to COSCO or to OOCL and it would work for one of the terminals that we have in our portfolio today or maybe one of the new terminals that we might get in the future.

未來與中國的船公司開展合作極有可能實現，如果中遠海運或者東方海外對此感興趣，并且符合我們現有或未來的碼頭組合。

Q5：您認為EUROGATE和中國港口有哪些不同的地方？

I think there are a number of differences but there also a number of similarities. The Chinese terminals are typically much larger because China is very big and the container volumes are very big, so of course there's a size difference. Then there may be another difference as well that many of the Chinese terminals have been developed within the past couple of decades so they are relatively new terminals designed in a modern way for the biggest container ships. In EUROGATE, some of those terminals are very old traditional terminals that have been maybe in the port since the beginning of containerization 60 years ago, and in that case, you have to go through if you will a brownfield modernization of those terminals to make sure that they also go up to the standards of today and meet the requirements of tomorrow.

我認為有許多不同之處，但也有很多相似之處。中國碼頭通常規模大得多，因為中國非常龐大，集裝箱吞吐量也非常大。所以當然，有規模差異。那么可能還有另一個區別，許多中國碼頭都是在近二十年內興建的，所以它們是相對較新的碼頭，采用了現代化的設計理念，能夠容納最大的集裝箱船。在歐門集團，其中一些碼頭非常舊，可能是在 60 年前集裝箱化開始時的老碼頭。在這種情況下，你必須通過一些現代化改造，以確保它們達到現在的標準，并滿足未來的要求。